Hypertension refers to a number of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it expressed? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is expressed by regular high blood pressure in humans (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and above). Illness is a common problem of humanity.
causes of hypertension
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops for a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The favorable causes and conditions in which hypertension manifests are absolutely versatile:
- accommodations;
- Stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- developmental pathology;
- diabetes;
- high cholesterol.
In addition, the cause of hypertension is a genetic predisposition. The causes of hypertension in women are due to difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
Symptoms of pathology
Often, the first signs of hypertension do not raise suspicion, as they are the result of normal fatigue and overwork. But if you experience a regular manifestation of symptoms, and when measuring the pressure, it is constantly elevated, you should definitely consult a doctor. Signs of early stage hypertension:
- headache (develops in the occipital region and surrounds the head), which can occur at any time of day, aggravated by bending or sudden movements;
- pain in the heart area, with experiences and stress;
- ringing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- feeling of anxiety;
- throbbing sensation in the head;
- excess of work.
With the progression of the disease, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, the hypertensive person manifests excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands and memory impairment.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in a patient with hypertension. An exacerbation is characterized by a sharp rise in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or stopping medication.
Hypertensive patients during exacerbation experience the following condition:
- feeling nauseous (vomiting may begin);
- accentuated darkening of the eyes;
- dyspnea;
- feeling of severe pain in the head and chest;
- redness of the face.
Diagnosis
| Basic diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt and a cuff is placed on the shoulder. After some time intervals, the cuff is inflated and the handheld device sets the pressure. During the day, blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes, and at night - every 30 minutes. |
| Blood and urine test | The analysis is able to determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine glucose, shows cholesterol level. |
| Instrumental diagnosis of the heart |
|
| eye examination | An ophthalmologist performs an eye exam. In the early stage of the disease, the retinal veins expand and the arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | As the pressure increases, the nephrons, the blood filter, die in the kidneys. This can result in kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys reveals: tumors in the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissue. |
Pathology treatment
During treatment, patients should lead a calm lifestyle in which there is no stress or emotional overload. Patients need to spend more time outdoors, it is better to take long walks in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is imperative to follow a diet, as proper nutrition is the key to successful high blood pressure treatment.
Doctor
Treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and to prevent the threat of death.
The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of the treatment of hypertension, monotherapy and combination therapy are appropriate. When it is ineffective, I use low doses of antihypertensive combinations.
Drug treatment for hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after studying the results of the diagnosis. If hypertension occurs, therapy is carried out with drugs such as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed to patients with cardiovascular problems. To prevent heart complications, these are the best means, but not the best.
- Vasodilators lower blood pressure but can be used for a long time as the drug is addictive (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists result in a long-term effect. These medications normalize blood pressure gradually.
- Administration of calcium blockers together with diuretics. These drugs block the absorption of calcium by the vessels, as a result, they expand and the pressure decreases.
Folk remedies
- Beet. Beetroot juice should be consumed 3 times per 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Blackberry. To be treated using this method, you need to drink juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then reception is stopped for a week, after which treatment continues.
- Garlic. 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons need to be minced in a meat grinder. Porridge is poured 1. 25 liters. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml 30 minutes before meals and before going to bed (3 weeks).
- Blackberry and honey. You need to mix half a glass of cranberry juice and half a glass of honey. Reception is carried out 3 times a day, 1 tsp for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal herbs are used as non-drug treatment of hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort, calendula clover. Decoctions of these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension, as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
diet for hypertension
Treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet in hypertension plays an important role. Therefore, there are diet-related recommendations. Limit salty, fried and fatty foods. From the diet you need to eliminate butter, beef, mayonnaise, sour cream. Instead of animal fats, you need to choose vegetable fats. Simpler foods are recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oatmeal). Dieting and choosing the right foods will help lower your cholesterol, which in turn will lower your blood pressure, as well as reduce the harmful health effects of sodium.
The main rule if high blood pressure appears and is discovered is simple - you need to consult a doctor, as a hypertensive person must be treated under his control.
What is dangerous?
Causes a disorder of the central nervous system:
- headache;
- decreased work capacity;
- leakage.
Causes disorder in Organs internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood throughout the body.
- Cardiac ischemia. With a significant load, the heart begins to increase like a muscle, and the vessels do not develop, the supply of oxygen is interrupted, while the work force does not change, overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small ones).
- Violation of sexual function (in men, it occurs due to intermittent blood supply to the penis, which can cause the arteries that supply it to become blocked).
Hypertension entails a number of additional deviations. Developing and progressive hypertension brings with it serious consequences that make it difficult to treat the pathology. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly with high blood pressure. The more the hypertension progresses, the more severe the deviation becomes.