Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure level increases stablely, which is fixed by repeated measurements. Increased pressure is a factor that accompanies it in many diseases and can cause the development of complications of the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant control and drug treatment. At the "MedCentrservice" modern clinic, you can undergo a complete exam, if necessary, the doctor will select effective therapy.

Varieties of arterial hypertension

The most common mixed form of hypertension, in which the systolic and diastolic pressure increases. Less commonly, only one type of blood pressure is growing, which is characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the occurrence, 2 types of hypertension are distinguished:

1. Primary or essential. It is impossible to establish the exact cause of the disease, as there are no pathologies that may cause an increase in pressure. Most of the time, essential hypertension appears due to tensions, a sedentary lifestyle as a result of a genetic predisposition.
2. Secondary. A consequence of other diseases, you can accurately determine the cause of increased pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney disease.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees of hypertension are distinguished:

• 1 degree. It continues in a smooth form, an increase in systolic blood pressure to 140 mm hg is observed. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
• 2 degree. Moderate, the pressure increases to 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic lesions of the organs of the cardiovascular system can be observed.
• 3 degrees. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure in the 200/115 mm hg mark. Art. This condition can cause severe complications, since the blood supply to the internal organs is disturbed.

Important! If 1st degree hypertension is not treated, there is a high probability that the disease progressed. High pressure indicators can cause a hypertensive crisis that is full of stroke.

Complications

With a long or severe hypertension course, complications may occur. Among the most dangerous, they highlight:

1. The brain injury that turns into a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable and the rehab period takes a long time.
2. Heart disease and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
3. Kidney diseases. At the bottom of arterial hypertension, renal failure can develop, an imbalance in salt and fluid volume in the body may occur.

The frequent complication is a hypertensive crisis. The periodic short -term pressure elevators are accompanied by severe headache, vomiting and fast heartbeat.

Diagnosis and examination with increased blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First, you need to measure pressure and examine so-called target organs.

The necessary steps to diagnose "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:

1. Pressure measurement is independent periodic at home at the doctor's office.
2. Passing blood and urine analysis.
3. The assessment of cardiac muscle work - is performed using a detail or more detailed - through an ECG or heart ultrasound.
4. Dopplerography - Allows you to evaluate the blood state that goes through the vessels to the heart.
5. Arteriography - makes it possible to see the condition of arterial walls.
6. Ocular background inspection - required at the early stage of hypertension. With an increase in retinal vein pressure, the eyes expand and the arteries are narrowed.
7. Ultrasound of adrenal kidneys and glands - The study allows you to evaluate the work of the kidneys to identify renal tissue damage.

Important! In the first signs of hypertension, you should definitely consult a doctor. Opposite diagnosis and full exam will allow you to choose effective treatment and avoid complications.

Hypertension Prevention

For the prevention of hypertension, you need to join several simple recommendations:

1. Regularly measure blood pressure, lead a diary with its indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens regularly, can become an alarming bell.
2. Follow the way of life - motor activity, nutrition, delete bad habits.
3. Study regularly at the doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules will help minimize risks.

Rules for measuring blood pressure for the diagnosis of hypertension

For an objective image when measuring the pressure, it is important:

1. At least half an hour before the procedure, abandon smoking, tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals and physical effort.
2. When measuring the pressure, take a convenient position and do not cross your legs.
3. The gauge should be at the heart level.
4. To minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
5. The difference between the indicators in the left and right hand can be 10 mm hg. Art. Or even 20 mm hg. Art.

To get an objective image, regularly measure the pressure at home and add data to the diary.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and periodically examine the doctor.

The causes of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can increase in an absolutely healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a calm state, at least with three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure to 140/90 mm hg. Art. Or more, there is a probability of diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to impaired mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons that cause increased blood pressure:

1. Congenital or acquired renal arterial hypertension. In case of violation of renal blood flow, the kidneys are released in the body a growing amount of substance called renin. As a result, a spasm of small vessels occurs, the vascular walls are gradually thickened, an excess of fluid is delayed in the bloodstream. The processes described increase the load in the heart, cause an increase in blood pressure.
2. Nervous overload. Stress and chronic fatigue usually lead to the development of hypertension.
3. Hormonal hackers and metabolic disorder. They lead to circulatory disorders in the tissues.

Often an increase in blood pressure is observed with age. For people from 20 to 40 years, the normal pressure is 120/70-130/80 mm hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , More than 60 years - 140/90–150/90 mm Hg. Art.

A very common cause of pathology is heredity. In addition, the factors that cause high pressure include:

• Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• overweight;
• Inadequate nutrition.

If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to pass regularly to a physical examination and do all the necessary tests. It is important to consider that early stage hypertension can develop without pronounced symptoms.

Hypertension symptoms

Hypertension is an insidious disease. In the early stage, the pathology may not show itself, but the asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly measure blood pressure and undergo a medical examination. This is especially important for patients in a risk group.

The first symptoms of hypertension:

• frequent headaches;
• nasal bleeding;
• violation of heart rhythm;
• vision vision;
• tinnitus.

With more severe hypertension, the above symptoms can join:

• weakness;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• muscle tremor;
• confusion;
• Chest pain.

Often people write down the appearance of hypertension symptoms for general fatigue. But when the first alarming bells appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. With increased pressure, the heart and kidneys work with the maximum load, which can lead to the hypertonic crisis, heart and kidney failure.

Hypertension Treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease, in the treatment of which a comprehensive approach is necessary:

• Lifestyle change - it is recommended to increase motor activity, monitor the diet;
• The use of drug therapy will help reduce blood pressure and prevent complications.

Pay attention! Only a doctor can prescribe medications treatment and select the dose of medicines. You cannot self -medicate so as not to further aggravate the situation.

This article is published exclusively for familiarization purposes for cognitive purposes and is not a scientific material or a professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, consult a doctor.